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- Moroccan manufacturing sector at the turn of the century : Results of the firm analysis and competitiveness survey...
Moroccan manufacturing sector at the turn of the century : Results of the firm analysis and competitiveness survey...
Auteur :
Zeufack
Albert,
Fafchamps
Marcel,
El Khadri
Latifa,
...[et al.]
Collectivite Auteur :
Moroccan Ministry of Industry, Commerce, Energy and Mines,
World Bank
Année de Publication :
2000
Type : Rapport
Thème : Industrie
Couverture :
Maroc
Télécharger le document :Résumé/Sommaire :
Morocco’s macroeconomic and trade reforms since the mid-1980s increased
its integration with the global economy and led to faster growth for a time.
These macroeconomic reforms, however, need to be sustained and complemented
with a "second generation" of more institutional reforms at the micro level – if rapid
growth is to continue.
At the macro level, the authorities have allowed the real exchange rate to appreciate
during the 1990s, while the real exchange rate of other emerging market economies has
depreciated.
This alone would put Morocco at a competitive disadvantage. In addition,
there are problems in different aspects of the investment climate that make it difficult
for firms to start up and enhance their productivity.
Notwithstanding progress in several areas, notably customs, Law and order,
Stability of business relations, flexibility of labor relations, Morocco is characterized
by heavy bureaucracy and red tape, making it difficult to start businesses. The financial
sector is inefficient and provides little credit support, at high cost, to firms. Parts
of infrastructure are good, but there are deficiencies in particular sectors and
regional imbalances in quality of power and transport infrastructure. The education
level of the workforce is low and firms make little effort to train workers to
higher levels. At current wage levels, Moroccan manufacturing cannot sustain the
strategy to rely on low-tech, low- quality, low-skills content products. The country
has to move progressively to higher value added/skill intensive hence high wages
products in the future. To achieve this objective, the Government, industry associations
and individual firms should work in partnership to lay the foundations of a knowledge
based manufacturing sector. It is beyond the scope of this report to make specific recommendations
– on how to improve the education system or strengthen finance. But the
findings do point to the need to have a coordinated macro/micro approach to improving competitiveness.
A shift in macro policies would provide immediate help to the manufacturing sector. Beyond that,
the government really needs to adopt a "service mentality" to provide a better environment for firms
to start up and expand – both foreign firms and domestic ones. Some of the important investment
climate improvements that are needed at the micro level are: Deepen the effort to reduce red tape
and bureaucratic harassment, in order to make it easier to start and operate firms; Promote a reform
of the financial sector that ensures more competition and better services; Continued upgrading of
infrastructure in telecom, power, and transport (which in many cases traces back to having a good
regulatory framework for private investment and competition in these sectors); and Strengthening
of education -- both the basic system and vocational/technical education including firm and industry
training programs
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