Abhatoo - Centre Nationale de Documentation

In Morocco, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play a central role in the economic landscape, representing nearly 97% of the national productive fabric and operating across diverse sectors, according to the latest report from the Moroccan Observatory of SMEs published in 2021. They contribute to approximately 38% of the national wealth creation and generate around 74% of the jobs. However, with the advent of trade liberalization, competition has intensified within the domestic market, posing significant chall enges to the competitiveness, overall performance, and even the survival of Moroccan SMEs. In response to these evolving dynamics, it becomes imperative for SMEs to embrace an entrepreneurial orientation. This strategic shift is crucial for preserving their competitive position and strengthening organizational performance in a context marked by increasingly complex challenges. A proactive entrepreneurial stance enables these enterprises to adapt with agility, innovate, and navigate market turbulence effectively, positioning them for long -term success. This document aims to delve deeply into the theoretical and empirical dimensions surrounding the concept of SMEs in Morocco. It explores their economic and social roles, highlighting the major obstacles they face in the
contemporary business environment. Additionally, it analyzes existing support programs dedicated to fostering entrepreneurship within Moroccan SMEs, recognizing the need for a comprehensive approach to address the multidimensional issues these businesses encounter. By synthesizing insights from various studies, this analysis seeks to contribute to a thorough understanding of the complex dynamics shaping the landscape for SMEs in Morocco and proposes strategic frameworks to fortify their resilience and sustainability within an ever -evolving business ecosystem.