Abhatoo - Centre Nationale de Documentation

Chapter I. Understanding the nature of Euro-Mediterranean trade agreements (association agreements), expectations and effects on trade flows
I.1. Characteristics of Euro-Mediterranean free trade agreements (association agreements)
I.2. Tariff liberalization : expected results on jobs
I.3. Observed results following the trade agreements
Conclusions
Chapter II. A missing link between trade and jobs?
II.1. Tariff reduction and other trade-related elements: non-tariff measures and lack of trade facilitation
II.2. Internal factors preventing trade from having a positive impact on labour in the region
II.3. The role of foreign direct investment and its linkages to employment
II.4. Conclusions
Chapter III. New challenges and opportunities : reviewing trade agreements to promote trade and job creation
III.1. Is the post-COVID-19 period an opportunity for SEMCs?
III.2. Beyond the European Neighbourhood Policy : what the European Union’s new “Agenda for the Mediterranean” could mean for trade and jobs in Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries
III.3. Implications of the new Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism for Southern
and Eastern Mediterranean Countries
III.4. What implications can be already observed for Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries as a result of the Ukraine crisis?
III.5. The potential of digitalization for trade and jobs in the Middle East and North Africa
III.6. How could trade agreements be reviewed with the goal to benefit the labour market?
III.7. Conclusions
Chapter IV. Recommendations : towards a trade liberalization agenda that promotes jobs and inclusivness
IV.1. Keep pursuing an improvement of internal conditions
IV.2. Improving labour-market regulations to better benefit from trade liberalization
IV.3. Cooperating for more and better jobs: Including new provisions in future agreements and the need for enhanced regional cooperation
IV.4. Ideas for future research